Ancient Egypt

  Probably the most astonishing aspect of Ancient Egyptian Civilisation are the gigantic stone buildings - a true miracle in architecture. Despite deep antiquity and honest technological level, they serve as an absolute proof of capability what owned Ancient Egyptian society and for deep authority, what obtained the ruling class over the lower social strata. But these splendid archaeological objects could not be completed withouth sofisticated knowledge of ancient architects, mathematicians, administrators drawing the right direction for these unvelievable hudge efforts of a whole culture. Due their honest service, our world can enjoy with deep respect to the piramids, temples, ornamented tombs and other monuments in different parts of this country. ANCIENT EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE & REMARKABLE MONUMENTS I. Ancient Egyptian Architecture: Basic Works 1. General Studies 2.1.  Ancient Egyptian Pyramids 2.2.  The Great Pyramids 3. Ancient Egyptian Temples (in general) 4...

  One significant speech from the lips of  Zakar-Baal, king of Byblos in the famous Story of Wenamun declares, that according common opinion Egypt is created before all the lands and all science and craft are spreaded from there. And definitely there is a grain of truth in this speech: Ancient Egyptians are first in many directions of science. They are fantastic mathematicians and wonderful astronomers. Their knowledge in human anathomy made them great physicians known even in far away Hittite empire. The images in their tombs demonstrate deep understanding in zoology and botanics.Their craftsmen taken undisputedly the first place in the world for the period, when Ancient Near East culture dominated. In stoneworking, metallurgy, glass and textile production they had been the best masters. The mummification is their specific and absolutely original kind of craft. ANCIENT EGYPTIAN SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGIES I. Ancient Egyptian Science  1. General studies 2.  ...

  Ancient Egyptian art is one from the most fascinating aspects of this great civilisation. It is specific, with it's own style, reflected the shining isolation of the country between deserts and seas. Differend kinds of art are developped to perfection there for millenia: sculpture and reliefs, painting and jewelry, glassware and embroidery and many others. The museum collections in Egypt and all around the world make these treasures accessible to everyone and spread the legacy of this wonderful culture. ANCIENT EGYPTIAN ART I.  General and miscelaneous studies II. Different arts 1.1.  Ancient Egyptian Sculpture 1.2.  The Great Sphinx 2. Ancient Egyptian Reliefs 3. Ancient Egyptian Paintings & Drawings 4.  Bijoux & daily use objects 5.  Middle Kindgom Treasures 6.  Scarabs, Seals & Amulets 7.  Mummy portraits   8. Ancient Egyptian Coffins 9. Stelae, stones & Cones 10. Canopi, Shabtis, Funerary Statuettes & Models III.1. ...

  For many people Ancient Egyptian literature is only a corpus of religious books, focused on the afterlife. But nothing could be so far from the truth as this kind of opinion. Yes, the religious books form a large part of Egyptian legacy and everyone is heard about the Book of the Dead, Pyramid or Coffin texts. But the written monuments from the pharaonic age are much more: much more different and much more variable. There are historical texts (chronicles and biographies), wonderful wisdom literature corpus, inspired other many peoples in the Ancient Near East, exciting travel stories, fairy tales, letters and many other genres. That one from the most well preserved ancient literatures in the world. ANCIENT EGYPTIAN LITERATURE I. General studies  II: Different Genres 1.  Historical texts 2. Biographies 3.  Sapiental (didactic, instructional) literature 4. Travel stories 5. Scientific writings 6. Fantastic tales 7. Non fantastic stories (smart people, etc.)...

  Ancient Egyptian language is not just an afro-asiatic one. This is an living and acting civilisation tool with one of the oldest original script systems. The Egyptian hieroglyphs are unique not only a breach in information fixing and spreading, but so because this is a kind of art: with the high-style images, remained unchanged trough millenia. Here are presented the Ancient Egyptian language in it's evolution: from archaic forms trough the most famous form of classic Middle Egyptian, New and Late Egyptian to Coptic, still living in Egypt. The hieroglyphic script, hieratic and demotic scripts are analysed in details. Pointed is the influence of Egyptian script for invention of the first alphabet - the Proto Sinaitic. The enthusiasts will find all what is needed for studying this wonderful language: grammars, hieroglyphic courses, authoritative dictionaries, chrestomaties and a great multitude of original texts. Monographs on separate linguistic aspects and a section about onomast...

  Here we will meet Egyptian gods and goddesses, will investigate the role of the cult  and magic in Egyptian society and in the life of it's separate members, will understand the causes  why the priesthood there was so mighty and autoritathive. We will see the astonishing Egyptian temples: from Theban sacred complex to Dendara and Edfu. Will watch in our imagination the magnificent ancient rituals and feasts, abandoned from a long time ago. Special attention is paid to the imaginations of the netherworld and afterlife, Ancient Egyptian funerary culture and ancestors worship, to the rich equipment buried with the mummies of deceased and to themselves. The multiple religious books of this civilisation are too not neglected. ANCIENT EGYPTIAN RELIGION I. Complex studies & specific aspects II. For gods and goddesses 1. For gods and goddesses in general 2. The Great Ennead 3. Separate female deities 4. Separate male deities 5.  Hellenisation & internatio...

  The popular image of Anciet Egyptian society is that of a pyramid, on which top is the pharaoh, under him the administation, priesthood, military commanders and on the bottom is presented the ordinary people. This picture is in general correct, but heavy simplified. The Ancient Egypt had been a civilisation with full flesh and blood, a society consisting of living and life-loving individuals with wishes and dreams similiar to our own. Our knowledge about this society cannot be precise and detailed wihout understanding of such different and important aspects as wars and warfere, economics, trade, urban and village communities, law and social order. The private aspects as everyday life, the family and gender roles, household activities and entertainment must be not neglected in any case.  ANCIENT EGYPTIAN SOCIETY AND SOCIAL ACTIVITIES I. Social structure 1. General Studies 2. Pharaoh and Royal Family 3. Ancient Egyptian Administration 4. Local Elites and Centres of Power ...

  From the same distant past Egyptian culture, despite it's relative isolation developed in closest connections with it's neighbors. On the caravan routes or under ship's sails traveled humans, goods and ideas. Pharaonic armies many times conquered the nearby countries, but sometimes are defeated and conquered by them too. Happened and that, the conquerors to be  proclaimed as liberators. Finally in each event or process of interaction the vorldwiew scope of the native habitants of Pharaonic land become more and more vide and complex. The most important of these connections are these with Nubians in the South, with Asiatics in Levant and with Greeks and other maritime peoples trough the Mediterranean Sea. The ties with Asia Minor, Mesopotamia, Punt, Persia, far away India and ancient Hebrews in concrete historical periods don't must be ignored too. THE NEIGHBORS OF EGYPT I. Nubian (Kushite) studies  1.1.  The Nubian Past 1.2.  XXV-th Pharaonic Dynasty ...

  The decline of Ancient Egypt had been so long and illustrious as it's history as whole. That is an era from more than thousand years, including Third Intermediate period (ca. 1069-664 BCE), Late Period (ca. 664-332 BCE), Hellenistic period (332-30 BCE) and epoch of Roman rule until the division of Roman empire as a birth of the Byzantine one (30 BCE-395 ACE). That is a chain of foreign conquerors: Libyans, Nubians, Assyrians, Persians, Greeks and Romans. But that is an era of struggle for national independence and lastt attempts to keep Egyptian authority in it's former empire in Levant. That is a deep transformation in which this ancient nation accepted to be ruled by foreigners, but overcomed them by it's high culture. The syncretic hellenism gave birth to the phaenomen of Alexandria. Some of the most impressive and well preserved temples and other monuments are built, and the demotic script and coptic alphabet are invented. DECLINE AND SUNSET OF ANCIENT EGYPT: LAST NAT...

  This New Kingdom Studies division of my egyptology book-files catalogue is dedicated to the most shining and powerful Ancient Egyptian state ever existed. The historical period between ca. 1550 and 1077 BCE presents a chain of victorious conquests, colossal buildings, wonderful tomb paintings and mysterious tomb treasuries. That is time of great warlords Thutmose III, Sety I,  Ramesses II, Ramesses III and Merneptah, female pharaoh Hatshepsut and master of diplomacy Amenhotep III. That is the age of Amarna turmoil and cursed heretic Akhenaten, his beutiful wife Nefertity and boy-king Tutankhamen. In Late Bronze Age world Egypt met the mighty Hittites and pushed back the wave of Sea Peoples. In literature appeared the Book of the Dead. NEW KINGDOM STUDIES I. XVIII-th dynasty  1.1.  Political History 1.2. Thutmose III 2. Society II. Amarna Age 1. Amarna Studies 2.  Akhenaten and Nefertiti 3.  Tutankhamen 4.  Amarna letters 5.  Tel El Amarna I...

  This is the Middle Kingdom division of my Thematic book-files catalogue. It's focused on pharaonic history from the middle of IXth dynasty up the late XIII dynasty (approx. 2040- 1700/1650 BCE), and so including the Second Intermediate Period of the Hyksos invasion (1700/1650-1550 BCE).  This period is so remarcable with monumental architecture in Lisht, wonderful tombs in Beni Hassan and other places. In this age literature so flourished with Coffin Texts, fairy tales and authobiographies, first scientific papyri and codification of the classic hieroglyphic Egyptian language: Middle Egyptian. MIDDLE KINGDOM STUDIES I. Middle Kingdom History & Society 1. Political history 2. Government and administration 3. Society 4. Second intermediate period and the Hyksos II. Material & Written Culture: 1. Archaeology and Art 2. Middle Kindgom Treasures 3.1.  Architecture 3.2.  Middle Kingdom Cemeteries 3.3. Lisht & El-Saf 3.4.  Beni Hassan 4.1. Literature and ...

  This section of my book files Thematic catalogue is focused on the Old Kindgom (IV-VI/or VII dynasties: circa 2686-2181 BCE) and First Intermediate Period (VII/or VIII- part of IX dynasties: circa 2181-2055 BCE) in Ancient Egypt. The different sections deal with history & society, government & administration, archaeology, architecture, art, literature & language, religion. Special attention is paid to the remarcable monuments from this epoch: great pyramids, great Sphinx, other monuments in Giza, Saqqara, Memphis, Abusir, Dahshur etc. This age is the dawn of Egyptian literature too, with the Pyramid texts. OLD KINGDOM STUDIES: I. History and society 1.  History and Society 2.  Government and administration II. Archaeology 1. Archaeology, architecture and art 2. Giza: 2.1.  The Great Pyramids 2.2.. The Great Sphinx . 2.3. The Tombs in Private Necropolis at Giza 3.1.  Saqqara during the Old Kingdom: Pyramids and royal tombs 3.2. Saqqara during the Ol...